Adams' Elderberry (12-18 inch bare root plant)

Key Characteristics

• Origin: 'Adams' is a cultivar of the American Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) selected in 1915 by William Adams in Union Springs, New York, and introduced by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva in 1926. It was chosen for its large berries and fruit clusters.
• Patent Status: 'Adams' Elderberry is **not patented**. As a cultivar introduced in 1926, it is in the public domain.
• Berry Production: Produces very large clusters of large, juicy, dark purple to black berries. It is known for its heavy and consistent yields, often ripening late in the season (August in many regions). The berries have a tart flavor and are suitable for various culinary uses after cooking.
• Ripening Time: Typically ripens in **late summer**, around August in many areas, extending the elderberry harvest season.
• Plant Size and Appearance: 'Adams' is a vigorous, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub with an upright spreading habit, typically reaching a mature height and spread of 6 to 12 feet. It has attractive dark green foliage and large, flattened heads of creamy white flowers in late spring to early summer.
• Flowers: Features very large (up to 10-12 inches across), flattened clusters of fragrant, creamy white flowers in late spring to early summer (June). These flowers are attractive to butterflies and other pollinators.
• Hardiness: Hardy in USDA Zones **3 through 9**, making it a very adaptable shrub for a wide range of climates across the United States.
• Pollination: While often described as partially self-fertile, planting another compatible American Elderberry cultivar (like 'York', 'Nova', or a wild seedling) nearby is highly recommended for **optimal pollination and significantly increased fruit set and berry size**. Cross-pollination ensures a more abundant harvest.
• Growing Conditions:
  • Sunlight: Thrives in full sun for the best fruit and flower production, but can tolerate partial shade, although fruiting may be reduced.
  • Soil: Adaptable to a wide range of soils, including clay, loam, and sand, but prefers moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. It tolerates wet locations fairly well.
  • Watering: Prefers consistent moisture, especially during establishment and fruit development. Water regularly, particularly during dry spells.
  • Fertilizing: Generally not a heavy feeder. A balanced fertilizer in early spring can be beneficial, especially in poorer soils. Avoid excessive nitrogen.
  • Pruning: Best pruned in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches. To encourage vigorous growth and good fruiting, some of the older canes (3 years or older) can be pruned back to the ground as elderberries fruit best on younger wood. It can also be cut back annually to the ground to manage size and grown as a bold perennial.
• Uses: Primarily valued for its edible berries, which are used to make:
  • Jams and jellies (a very popular use).
  • Syrups.
  • Wine.
  • Pies and other baked goods (berries should be cooked before consumption).
  • Elderflower fritters and tea (from the flowers).
  The berries and flowers are also recognized for their potential health benefits due to their high antioxidant content. The plant is also valuable for attracting wildlife.
• Wildlife Value: The flowers are highly attractive to butterflies and other pollinators. The berries are a favorite food source for many species of birds and small mammals in the late summer and fall, making it a valuable addition to wildlife gardens. Its dense foliage also provides good cover.
• Ornamental Value: 'Adams' Elderberry offers multi-season interest with its attractive green foliage, large white flower heads in spring, and showy clusters of dark berries in late summer. The foliage can also turn a lovely yellow color in the fall. Its size and growth habit make it suitable for use as a specimen plant, in mass plantings, or as a naturalizing shrub.
• Disease and Pest Resistance: Generally considered to have good disease and pest resistance. It may occasionally be susceptible to issues like leaf spot or powdery mildew, but these are usually not severe. Elderberry borers and aphids can sometimes be a concern.

Nutritional Value (per 100g of cooked berries - raw berries are toxic)

• Energy: Approximately 73 kcal
• Carbohydrates: Approximately 18.4 g
• Dietary Fiber: Approximately 7 g
• Fat: Less than 1 g
• Protein: Less than 1 g
• Rich in Vitamin C
• Moderate amounts of Vitamin B6 and Iron
• High in antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins and other polyphenols.