Grapes, Black 'Ives' (Live Plant)

Key Characteristics

• Origin: 'Ives' is an American hybrid grape variety that likely originated in Ohio around 1850. Its parentage is uncertain but may involve a cross between *Vitis labrusca* and another unknown *Vitis* species, possibly *Vitis aestivalis*. It is named after Henry Ives, who propagated it.
• Patent Status: 'Ives' Grape is not patented. As a variety introduced in the mid-19th century, any potential patent protection has long since expired. There are no restrictions on its asexual reproduction, propagation, or sale based on patent law in the U.S.
• Berry Production: Produces medium-sized, round, blue-black berries in medium-sized clusters. It is known for its deeply colored juice and berries. Yields can be moderate to high.
• Ripening Time: 'Ives' is a mid-season ripening grape variety, typically maturing after Concord. Harvest usually occurs in late September to mid-October in many growing regions of the United States.
• Plant Size and Appearance: 'Ives' is a vigorous vine that requires a trellis or other support system. It is known for being susceptible to air pollution, particularly ozone damage, which can impact its vigor and productivity. It may develop a shallow root system, making it susceptible to water stress.
• Flowers: Produces typical small, greenish-white grape flowers in the late spring. It has perfect flowers and is self-fertile, though cross-pollination may improve fruit set.
• Hardiness: Generally hardy in USDA Zones 5 through 8. Its cold hardiness is relatively good.
• Pollination: 'Ives' is self-fertile and does not require another grape variety for pollination. However, some sources suggest that cross-pollination with other varieties may enhance fruit set.
• Growing Conditions:
  • Sunlight: Requires full sun for optimal growth and fruit development.
  • Soil: Prefers well-drained soil. While adaptable to various soil types, good drainage is essential. It can tolerate slightly acidic to neutral soil pH.
  • Watering: Requires consistent moisture, especially during establishment and fruit development. Due to its potentially shallow root system, irrigation may be necessary during dry conditions.
  • Fertilizing: Moderate fertilization is generally sufficient. Soil testing can help determine specific nutrient needs.
  • Pruning: Requires annual pruning during the dormant season to manage vine growth and fruit production. Various training systems can be used.
• Uses: Primarily used for winemaking, often in blends and for sweet, port-style wines due to its deep color. It is also used for grape juice and jelly production. The flavor is described as having a "foxy" note characteristic of *Vitis labrusca* grapes, similar to Concord but often lighter in color.
• Wildlife Value: Grape flowers attract some pollinators. The ripe grapes are a food source for birds and other wildlife.
• Ornamental Value: Grapevines can provide ornamental value with their foliage and fruit clusters when trained on supports.
• Disease and Pest Resistance: While considered relatively vigorous, 'Ives' is susceptible to air pollution (ozone damage) and some fungal diseases. It may also be prone to water stress. Monitoring for common grape pests and diseases is recommended.